Pipelines, over decades, have established themselves as the transportation of choice to offer a safe, reliable way to transport a multitude of products. The reliance we place on pipelines as a transportation system has also accentuated the uptime requirement for these pipeline systems.
Plugging Methods For In-Service Pipelines Read More »
In this article, ION Pro explains that pipeline upgrades, maintenance, and emergency repairs are all critical aspects. It needs to be planned for and executed on a regular basis. These can lead to a loss in production due to shutdown procedures and has a significant financial impact. Any approach that allows for the minimization of these losses needs to be thoroughly evaluated and investigated.
Economics of Hot Tapping Read More »
In this article, ION Pro explains that pipelines are the most cost-effective and environment-friendly mode of hydrocarbon fuel transportation. The focus of this paper is on the repair of pipeline defects that require repair/reinforcement against failure due to circumferential stresses.
Pipeline Pitting and Repair Techniques Read More »
Subsea pipelines constitute integral components of all offshore oil and gas projects as they are considered the most economical, environment-friendly and safe means of petroleum transportation – multiphase fluids, crude, gas or petroleum products. Subsea pipelines (also called marine, submarine or offshore pipelines) transport multiphase flow (mix of oil, water, contaminants and gas) from subsea wells to the platform and after processing carries crude, condensate or gas from the offshore platform to the coast for onward distribution to refineries or consumption centers.
Subsea Hot Tapping and Line Stopping Read More »
1. Introduction There are various definitions of a data sheet and even more opinions on the contents of a datasheet. This subject, however, has never translated well into the pipeline intervention arena because the dreaded datasheet seems to invoke a mixture of trepidation and downright disdain. The goal of this article is to provide an insight into the various components contained in a datasheet to show the importance of some of these questions. Our focus will be only on the services (hot tapping & linestop) and not the engineering data we collect when designing or manufacturing a hot tap or
Pipeline Intervention Data Sheets – A Closer Look Read More »
Extruded-vs-Fabricated Fittings – Hot Tap and Line Stopping 1. Introduction Pipe Split-tees are inevitable components required for hot tapping or line-stopping operations. These are full-encirclement fittings with two broad areas of application as follows: This document discusses split-tees which are intended for onshore hot tapping or line stopping operations that involve welding of two halves of a split-tee. Their manufacturing processes are broadly classified as extrusion and fabrication. Split-tees manufactured via both processes are in use in the industry and are claimed to meet international and local regulatory requirements related to strength, durability and performance. This paper identifies in detail
Extruded-vs-Fabricated Fittings – Hot Tap and Line Stopping Read More »
1. Introduction This article details the technical and safety requirements for executing a hot tap on hydrocarbon pipelines, piping or tanks. Hot tapping is a method of making a new connection to an existing pressured pipeline or vessel without interrupting or emptying that section of pipe or vessel. This means that a pipeline can continue to be in operation while maintenance or modifications are being executed. Another definition According to API RP 2201: Hot Tapping is a technique of attaching a mechanical or welded branch fitting to piping or equipment in service and creating an opening in that piping or
Requirements in Executing a Hot Tap Read More »
1. Introduction & Background. In-service repairs provide cost-effective and environmentally friendly options for maintaining transport pipelines, associated piping infrastructure and process facilities to keep running for their design life. In-service welding is often required to: Repair a damaged pipeline or piping system Corrosion or mechanical damage Install a branch connection to tie in a new customer or source of supply Economic & environmental incentives Blow down vs. on-stream repair A meticulously developed and qualified Weld Procedure Specification (WPS) and Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is at the heart of consistently performing safe in-service welding on pressurized pipeline systems. This paper focuses
Hot Tap & Linestop In-Service Welding Considerations Read More »
1. Overview of the Article This article will explain the hot tapping and line stopping operation from its typical uses and associated activities to illustrating the risks and benefits related to each operation. Hot tapping and line stopping are executed in a variety of sectors, on various materials, as well as infrastructure (such as tanks or pipes) and environmental conditions both onshore as well as offshore. This article will focus on the use of hot tapping and line stopping onshore and on steel pipelines in the oil & gas sector. The onshore hot tapping application is most visible in the
Hot Tapping and Line Stopping Read More »
Pipeline Reroute – A Turnkey Perspective Introduction The following paper highlights 2 different pipeline reroute projects. There are many similarities, but the main difference is in the approach of each project, i.e., a traditional multi contractor involvement vs. a more turnkey approach. The common thread is the technical complexity and multi-facetted nature of these two projects. Our first case study centers on a pipeline reroute through a river. The 18” gas transmission pipeline was constructed in 1980’s and the section under discussion crossed a river of approximately 330 feet wide. Over the years the riverbanks eroded and exposed the gas
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