January 2021

1. Introduction Pipe Split-tees are inevitable components required for hot tapping or line-stopping operations. These are full-encirclement fittings with two broad areas of application as follows: This document discusses split-tees which are intended for onshore hot tapping or line stopping operations that involve welding of two halves of a split-tee. Their manufacturing processes are broadly classified as extrusion and fabrication. Split-tees manufactured via both processes are in use in the industry and are claimed to meet international and local regulatory requirements related to strength, durability and performance. This paper identifies in detail the engineering and cost consideration of both types

[et_pb_section fb_built=\”1\” admin_label=\”Hero\” _builder_version=\”4.4.1\” use_background_color_gradient=\”on\” background_color_gradient_start=\”rgba(10,10,10,0.44)\” background_color_gradient_end=\”rgba(40,40,40,0.86)\” background_color_gradient_type=\”radial\” background_color_gradient_direction_radial=\”top left\” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\”on\” background_image=\”https://ionproservices.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/economics-of-hot-tapping-hero.jpg\” custom_margin=\”||||false\” custom_padding=\”10vw||10vw||true|false\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”][et_pb_row column_structure=\”2_3,1_3\” _builder_version=\”3.25\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”][et_pb_column type=\”2_3\” _builder_version=\”3.25\” custom_padding=\”|||\” global_colors_info=\”{}\” custom_padding__hover=\”|||\”][et_pb_text _builder_version=\”4.4.1\” text_font=\”||||||||\” header_font=\”Khula|700|||||||\” header_font_size=\”64px\” header_line_height=\”1.1em\” header_2_font=\”Khula|700|||||||\” header_2_font_size=\”48px\” header_3_font=\”Khula||||||||\” header_4_font=\”Khula||||||||\” background_layout=\”dark\” max_width=\”800px\” custom_margin=\”||0px|\” custom_padding=\”|||16px\” text_font_size_tablet=\”14px\” text_font_size_last_edited=\”off|desktop\” header_font_size_tablet=\”44px\” header_font_size_phone=\”32px\” header_font_size_last_edited=\”on|phone\” border_color_all=\”#e02b20\” border_width_left=\”10px\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”] Subsea Hot Tapping and Line Stopping [/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\”1_3\” _builder_version=\”3.25\” custom_padding=\”|||\” global_colors_info=\”{}\” custom_padding__hover=\”|||\”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\”1\” admin_label=\”About\” _builder_version=\”3.22\” custom_padding=\”||17px|||\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”][et_pb_row _builder_version=\”3.25\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”][et_pb_column type=\”4_4\” _builder_version=\”3.25\” custom_padding=\”|||\” global_colors_info=\”{}\” custom_padding__hover=\”|||\”][et_pb_text module_id=\”intro\” _builder_version=\”4.7.4\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”] 1. Introduction & Background [/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\”4.4.1\” text_font=\”||||||||\” text_line_height=\”1.8em\” custom_margin=\”||2px|||\” custom_padding=\”|||\” custom_padding_tablet=\”|40px||40px||true\” custom_padding_last_edited=\”off|desktop\” global_colors_info=\”{}\”] Subsea pipelines constitute integral components of all offshore oil and gas projects as they are considered